• Xerostomia is defined as dry mouth resulting from reduced or absent saliva flow. Xerostomia is not a disease but is symptoms of toxicity from chemotherapy, head and neck radiotherapy, adverse effects of medications, autoimmune disease, or other conditions such as uncontrolled diabetes, infections and hormonal changes. Xerostomia occurs commonly in those with Sjögren disease or who are receiving radiation therapy for head and neck cancer. Xerostomia is a common complaint found often among older adults, affecting approximately 20% of the elderly. Reduced salivary flow can cause difficulties in tasting, chewing, swallowing, and speaking; it can also increase the chance of developing dental decay, demineralization of teeth, tooth sensitivity, and oral infections.
• The xerostomia therapeutics market growth is driven by several factors, such as an increase in chemotherapy, growing awareness and rising prevalence of xerostomia and associated diseases.
• Growing occurrence of xerostomia and related diseases such as hypertension, Parkinson’s disorder, Sjogren’s syndrome and diabetes have a positive impact on market growth. Diabetes is one of the major cause that causes dry mouth; there is less moisture for other things when the body is using fluids to make urine that happens in diabetes. Diabetes hence leads to dehydrated body, and mouth that feels dry. Xerostomia can exacerbate the side effects of diabetes, which will then lead to an increase in glucose levels, wreaking havoc on the body. Having xerostomia, especially as a diabetes patient, can lead to rampant tooth decay, which means blood sugar increases as the body tries to fight infection. A dry mouth can also lead to loss of sleep and an altered sense of taste, a condition that presents with a metallic or sour taste in the mouth. Xerostomia is a common symptom in the elderly population. Studies have suggested that the underlying cause of approximately 40% of xerostomia in the elderly is Sjogren's syndrome. Sjogren’s syndrome is the third most common rheumatic autoimmune disorder. The population prevalence of Sjogren’s syndrome is 0.2%, with an incidence of 4 cases per 100,000 per year. Sjogren’s is 20 times more common in females than males. In Sjogren's syndrome, it attacks the glands that make tears and saliva. This causes a dry mouth and dry eyes, hence increasing the cases of xerostomia.
• With increasing cases of cancer globally, there is an increase in chemotherapy as well. Chemotherapy is used as a treatment for the majority of cancers that occurs. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cancer is the second leading cause of death globally and is responsible for an estimated 9.6 million deaths in 2018. Globally, about one in six deaths are due to cancer. On an average around 26% of the patients who have cancer undergo chemotherapy each year, and this is increasing with increasing cases of cancer. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy cause dry mouth by damaging the salivary glands. Chemotherapy causes dry mouth by making saliva thicker. Hence, increase in chemotherapy increases prevalence of xerostomia.
• By product type, the global xerostomia therapeutics market is segmented into salivary stimulants, salivary substitutes, dentifrices, artificial saliva, and salivary pen. Salivary stimulants are expected to be the largest market shareholder over the period of forecast (2019-2026). Topical products to salivary stimulant flow include a variety of over the counter sugar-free gums, mints, and candies. Salivary stimulants include the sialagogues pilocarpine hydrochloride (Salagen®) and cevimeline hydrochloride (Evoxac®). Pilocarpine and cevimeline bind to muscarinic receptors, stimulating exocrine gland activity (such as salivary and sweat glands) and increased smooth muscle tone in the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts. Common adverse effects include sweating, headache, GI discomfort, nausea, increased lacrimation, urinary frequency, and palpitations. Sialogogic drugs are substances designed to stimulate salivary secretion as they have an effect on the systemic pathway. The use of sugar-free chewing gum or tablet can increase salivary secretion and improve the sensation of dry mouth together with gustatory and masticatory stimulation.
• These products can additionally be fluoride, chlorhexidine, calcium phosphate, and xylitol releasers. Salivary stimulants are highly popular as they are very readily available and can be taken without any adverse effects.
• North America is dominating the xerostomia therapeutics market in 2018 and estimated to hold the largest market size over the forecast period (2019-2026), owing to an increase in cancer and xerostomia associated disorders such as Sjogren’s disorder, a highly aware population, advanced healthcare infrastructure, favourable government initiatives and growth in research and development. According to National Cancer Institute, in 2018, an estimated 1,735,350 new cases of cancer were diagnosed in the US, and 609,640 people died from the disease. These numbers are increasing with each passing year, along with the causes such as lifestyle changes, smoking and many more. US is very advanced in healthcare and population is generally aware, this leads to growing cases of chemotherapy treatment which leads to xerostomia. Similarly other diseases associated with xerostomia such as Parkinson’s and Sjogren’s syndrome are also on the rise in the region, with upwards of 4,000,000 Americans suffering from Sjögren’s, it is one of the most prevalent autoimmune diseases. Nine out of 10 patients are women. Initiatives launched by various organisations such as “5-year breakthrough goal” by Sjogren’s Syndrome Foundation that focuses on faster diagnosis and better treatment.
Competitive Landscape
• Some of the major key players in the market are GlaxoSmithKline, Church & Dwight Co., Inc., Colgate-Palmolive Company, Acacia Pharma Group plc, Hikma Pharmaceuticals plc, Lupin Ltd., Parnell Pharmaceuticals Inc., Pendopharm, Pfizer Inc. and Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
• In the xerostomia therapeutics market, GlaxoSmithKline is going to dominate the market, owning to portfolio expansion, mergers, collaborations, and acquisitions. The key players are adopting various growth strategies such as mergers & acquisitions, partnerships, and collaborations and increasing research and development and high investment, which are contributing to the growth of the xerostomia therapeutics market globally.
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